Progesterone
English Synonyms:(PROGESTERONE-WATER SOLUBLE;progestin;PROGESTERONE;PRIMOLUT;17alpha-Hydroxy-6alpha-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione;17alpha-Progesterone;3,20-Pregnene-4;4-Pregnen-3,20-dion
CAS:57-83-0
EINECS:200-350-6
MF:C21H30O2
MW:314.46
Melting point: 128-132 ° C (lit.)
Specific rotation: 186 o (c = 1, ethanol)
Refractive index :182 ° (C = 2, Dioxane)
Storage Store at RT
Solubility in H2O: 25 mg / mL, may be clear to slightly hazy
Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum cells containing a steroid hormone 21 carbon atoms, but also all intermediate synthetic steroid hormone, progesterone is one.
There are two crystal, i.e., α-type and β-type, two polymorphs have the same physiological activity, α-type are precipitated from dilute ethanol as white prismatic orthorhombic crystal, β-type is n white needle crystal cross, the two are not soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, acetone, dioxane and concentrated sulfuric acid.Progesterone is by the ovaries, placenta and secreted by the adrenal cortex. Its physiological function mainly as so through the action of estrogen in the uterus has been continued development of intimal hyperplasia state, hyperplasia, thickening, mast, soft and secrete mucus, ready to favorable conditions for the implantation of a fertilized egg.
After implantation, the early survival and development, but also directly in control under the impact of rising progesterone secretion. Therefore, both the female reproductive system, progesterone extremely important hormones, steroidal hormones is biosynthetic pathway important intermediate product. All glands secrete steroid hormones, progesterone can be synthesized, but rather as a major hormone secreted from glands, ovaries and placenta only limited. Ovarian secretion of progesterone in the luteal phase after ovulation, the organization is secreted particles luteal cells, so the progesterone known as progestin. After the yellow atrophy, progesterone secretion is also low. Normal women after 8 to 9 weeks of pregnancy, the placenta becomes the major organs of progesterone secretion, but also still ovaries continue to secrete until the end of the pregnancy so far.
Progesterone main physiological functions:
1, to maintain pregnancy in female animals, pregnant animals and cause a series of physiological changes, such as the suppression of estrus females.
2, to promote uterine mucosa thickening, bending and increased glandular secretion function.
3, inhibition of uterine peristalsis, and to shrink the cervical secretion of viscous liquids. These physiological changes of the early embryo run, growth and development, implantation and post-implantation fetal growth to continue to provide appropriate environmental conditions.
4, a small amount of progestin and estrogen collaboration, promote dams estrus. Progesterone and prolactin coordination, promote the development of mammary glands.
5, progesterone participate in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary feedback regulation, coordination and balance so that the secretion of reproductive hormones in animals. Body content, a variety of livestock follicular phase progesterone levels below 1 ng / ml in the luteal phase cattle about 4 ng / ml, pregnancy about 18 ng / ml.
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