Polyacrylamide is a linear polymer comprised of monomers unit with functional groups of amide that adsorb on to the surface of particles. These particles are bridged together by the long polymer chain drawing the particles closer together. This process is called flocculation and is widely used in wastewater treatment.
PAM CHARACTERISTICS
FLOCCULATION PAM has the ability to bridge together particles suspended in solution by an adsorption process. Polymers often have electrostatic charges that allow for surface particle neutralization resulting in flocculation.
ADSORPTION AND ADHESION PAM creates reversible covalent bonds between particle surfaces allowing the particle to gain size and mass.
FRICTION REDUCTION PAM can effectively reduce fluid friction in a pipe. The friction loss can be minimized by 50-80% with small amounts of PAM added to a liquid.
THICKENING PAM is used to thicken a variety of sludges in both neutral and acidic conditions. PAM used for thicken can have additional structures such as branched and cross-linked. PAM will hydrolyze at pH values above 10.
When aqueous PAM solutions are mixed with sewage, the active amide groups on the polymer chain adsorb onto the surface of suspended material in the sewage and created bridges between them such that they now begin to exclude water from their newly formed structure. Once a small particle, now form larger flocs which can improve sedimentation rates in clarifiers, floatation rates in DAF systems and water removal in sludge thickening equipment. PAM is widely used in domestic sewage treatment, mining tailings pulp & paper making, petrochemicals, chemicals, textiles, oil sands and mining industries.
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